A sensor is a device that can detect and respond to environmental changes, converting physical or chemical quantities into electrical signals for output. These electrical signals can then be processed, recorded, displayed, or used to control other devices. The application of sensors is very extensive, covering many fields such as industrial automation, environmental monitoring, medical equipment, aerospace, traffic control, smart home, etc.
Sensors can be classified based on the physical or chemical quantities they measure, for example:
Temperature sensor: used to measure temperature, common types include thermistors, thermocouples, thermistors, etc.
Pressure sensor: used to measure pressure or force, widely used in industrial control, automotive safety systems, medical equipment, etc.
Displacement sensor: used to measure the position or displacement of objects, such as accelerometers, gyroscopes, etc.
Optical sensor: used to detect light, color, shape, etc., commonly used in machine vision, photoelectric switches, barcode scanners, etc.
Chemical sensor: used to detect chemical components or concentrations in gases and liquids, such as gas analyzers, pH meters, etc.
The output signal of a sensor can be an analog signal (such as voltage or current) or a digital signal (such as binary code), depending on the design and application requirements of the sensor. The selection and use of sensors require consideration of multiple factors such as accuracy, stability, sensitivity, response time, and cost.
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